Autism Spectrum Disorder – Symptoms, Diagnosis and Support

Medically reviewed

Guga Sikharulidze

·

Psychiatrist, Doctor of Science

Last updated: 14 February, 2026

What is autism spectrum disorder?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects social communication, behavior, and how a person experiences the world. The term “spectrum” highlights a wide range of presentations, from mild social difficulties to more severe challenges.

Early diagnosis and appropriate support can significantly improve quality of life.

Symptoms of autism

Difficulties with social communication

Avoiding eye contact, difficulty interpreting facial expressions, problems understanding sarcasm and humor, and difficulty initiating and maintaining conversations.

Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests

Repetitive movements, strict adherence to routines, highly focused narrow interests, and sensory sensitivity.

Autism in children

Early signs: the child does not respond to their name, speech development is delayed, and they are not interested in playing with peers. It is advisable to consult a child psychiatry specialist.

Autism in adults

Feeling like you have to “wear a mask” in social situations, sensory overload, anxiety in social environments.

Diagnosis

In children: developmental assessment, standardized instruments (ADOS-2), and interviews with parents.

In adults: a clinical interview, exploration of childhood history, and assessment of co‑occurring conditions (ADHD, anxiety).

The psychodiagnostic service at GSMRC provides a comprehensive assessment.

Support and intervention

Psychotherapy — CBT helps with managing anxiety and stress. Group therapy — practical strategies for developing social skills. Family psychoeducation — for parents. When needed — medication support for accompanying symptoms.

When should you see a specialist?

Consult a child psychiatrist or book a psychiatric consultation if your child’s development seems delayed or if you suspect they may be on the autism spectrum.

See also

ADHD · Anxiety · Social phobia

Services: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · Psychodiagnostics · Psychotherapy

YouTube: Experts For Mental Health | GSMRC Official

❓ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Source: NIMH — Autism Spectrum Disorder.